Simple Exister Verb Conjugations in French

Simple Exister Verb Conjugations in French The French verb for to exist is  exister. This should be an easy one to remember because its so similar to the English word. Now, when you want to change it to the past tense existed, you will need to conjugate it. This is relatively simple and a quick lesson will show you how its done. Conjugating the French Verb  Exister Exister  is a  regular -ER verb, which is the most common verb conjugation pattern found in the French language. This means that once you learn how to conjugate  exister, you can apply the same endings to other verbs like à ©viter (to  avoid) and  emprunter  (to borrow), among countless others. To conjugate  exister  into the present, future, or imperfect past tense, begin by identifying the verb stem:  exist-. We will then add a new ending for each subject pronoun and tense. For instance, I exist is jexiste while we will exist is nous existerons. Its quite simple, particularly with a familiar word like this. To memorize these, practice them in context. Subject Present Future Imperfect j existe existerai existais tu existes existeras existais il existe existera existait nous existons existerons existions vous existez existerez existiez ils existent existeront existaient The Present Participle of Exister The  present participle  of exister  is  existant. Notice how this is as simple as adding -ant  to the verb stem, which is how most present participles are formed. This is a verb and can also be an adjective, gerund, or noun in certain contexts. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to say the past tense existed in French. To form it, you need to attach the  past participle  existà ©Ã‚  to the subject pronoun and conjugate of  avoir  (an  auxiliary, or helping, verb). It comes together quite easily. For instance, I existed is jai existà © and we existed is nous avons existà ©. More Simple Exister  Conjugations to Learn Its important to concentrate on the  exister  forms above as theyre used most often. When youre comfortable with those, add the rest of these simple conjugations to your vocabulary.   The subjunctive form is used when the action of existing is uncertain. Likewise, the conditional verb mood relies on something:  if  this happens,  then  this will exist.  The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are reserved primarily for formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j existe existerais existai existasse tu existes existerais existas existasses il existe existerait exista existt nous existions existerions existmes existassions vous existiez existeriez existtes existassiez ils existent existeraient existrent existassent To express   exister  in a short, direct statement, the imperative verb form may be used. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun as it is implied within the verb. Rather than tu existe,  use existe alone. Imperative (tu) existe (nous) existons (vous) existez

Interpreters and Commentators

Interpreters and Commentators Interpreters and Commentators Interpreters and Commentators By Maeve Maddox Mike Feeney overheard a business owner repeatedly [mention] that they would be using an â€Å"interpretator† and has asked for a post on interpreter/interpretator and commenter and commentator interpreter: one who interprets or explains; one who translates languages. In current usage, interpretator is nonstandard, as is the obsolete verb formation interpretate. The OED has an entry for interpretator, but its the most recent documentation is from the 17th century and the word is labeled as obsolete. The Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary has no entry for it. M-W does have an entry for interpretate, which redirects to interpret. Here are some examples of nonstandard interpretator: I know there is a secretarys dayIs there an interpretators day? Speaking in Malayalam, through an interpretator, Poulse and his other colleagues said   I bet I was the best hand writing interpretator in the world. software, incorporating the only true award interpretator system for Australian conditions since 1991 Chinese (mandarin) translator/interpretator service provider Nonstandard interpretate also abounds: management will read the same contract as you but will interpretate it different[ly]. Im pretty sure he misinterpretated the study, Himmler thought that Germany was going to recover because he misinterpretated one of Nostradamuss predictions. In November 2005 she interpretated the role Dame at â€Å"Dido and Enea† by Purcell While interpretator has no meaning apart from that of the standard word interpreter, commentator and commenter have distinctive meanings. commentator: A writer of expository comments or critical notes on a literary work; the writer of a commentary; One who reports or comments on current events, esp. on radio or television. commenter: One who comments Here are some examples of both words: Sometimes sports commentators say the strangest things Alan Watkins, doyen of political commentators, dies at 77 Texas police take on blog commenters Are Blog Commenters â€Å"Real† Writers? N.C. Judge Unmasks Pseudonymous Blog Commenters The 6 Types of Blog CommentorsDo You Know Them? (NOTE: The OED gives commentor as an alternate spelling of commenter.) I see a useful distinction between commentator and commenter, especially in this everybodys a writer culture of ours. Commentators are qualified to write intelligently about a particular topic, approaching it and analyzing it in terms of a body of knowledge. Commenters, on the other hand, express opinions on matters about which they may or may not be particularly informed. Many DWT readers bring professional expertise in language to their comments, resulting in useful commentary. In general, however, blog commenters tend to be stronger on opinion than information. Bottom line: Id reserve the word commentator for analysts operating from a professionally-informed perspective and writing or speaking in a formal setting. Id use commenter for people who respond to blog posts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Nonverbal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nonverbal Communication - Essay Example Nonverbal communication is used because it offers a number of advantages which the verbal communication does not. Nonverbal communication provides an individual with more safety and freedom of expression in quite a lot of places. Individuals’ moods and body language are the primary controllers of interaction among them. One sentence can be perceived in several different ways depending upon the way it has been said. Hence, nonverbal communication often directs the verbal communication and plays a very important role in the development of understanding among the interacting people. There are a lot of differences between the way nonverbal communication is used by men and women. This paper explores the subject of nonverbal communication from different aspects and identifies the differences between the non-textual nonverbal communication of men and women. Nonverbal communication, as the name implies, is a communication that is anything but verbal. â€Å"[N]onverbal communication i nvolves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source [speaker] and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver [listener]† (â€Å"Non-Verbal Communication†). In the simplest words, it is unspoken communication (Butler). This means that nonverbal communication is inclusive of text messages, emails, and other more complication and indirect ways of communication like the one through body language. Nonverbal communication through text often takes place when the communication people can not see one another face-to-face. However, in order to communicate through the body language or gestures, it is imperative that the communicating people can see one another. Technology is the most essential prerequisite of doing the nonverbal communication through text. Exchanging text messages, writing and reading emails, and chatting require mobile phones and/or computers with Internet connect ion to take place. The most fundamental element that makes the nonverbal communication different, and in a way, superior to the verbal communication is the fact that nonverbal communication broadcasts an individual’s true intentions and feelings to others and allows the individual an insight into the other person’s heart (â€Å"Improving your nonverbal†). There is a lot of disparity in the nonverbal communication of men and women specially on grounds of nonverbal immediacy or attitudes which cause the people to be close psychosocially. Attitudes included in the nonverbal immediacy include but are not limited to eye contact, gesturing, close proximity, smiling, vocal inflections, orientation of the body as well as touching during communication. Women rely on the nonverbal communication more than men do. One reason for this is the fact that men are braver and hence, more straight forward as compared to the women. In other words, men make use of metaphors in places where women feel more comfortable with using the similes. Men say whatever they feel on the face while women generally adopt more indirect ways of expressing their emotions, which is complicated not only for them, but also equally complicated for the listener to comprehend. Men’s ways to communicate non-verbally are more through deeds than gestures which women make use of to communicate non-verbally. This is particularly evident in the times of conflict. For example, a man may make use of his power or relations to get an individual unemployed just to tell him/her that he/she has made a big mistake by messing with a man of such huge power and significance in the society. On the other hand, a woman who is agitated to the same level as this man may just refuse to interact with the offender in an attempt to convey the message that she did

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly Essay

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly - Essay Example i Aramco is probably one of the largest monopolies of the world with significant influence over OPEC - the largest cartel of Oil producing countries to decide upon the production as well as pricing of oil products in the world. The total reserves of Saudi Aramco are over 250 billion barrels covering a total area of more than 249 trillion ft. (ArabianBusiness.com). The company is not only operating in the land area of the Saudi Arabia but it has also complete rights over the waters in Arabian Gulf and Red Sea. What is most important is the fact that despite being a monopoly, it is considered as one of the most efficient and finely run organizations in the world with revenues in billions of dollar. The next section will discuss what are some of the characteristics which categorize Saudi Aramco as one of the largest monopolies of the world. How Saudi Aramco is a Monopoly Single Seller One of the strongest characteristics of monopoly is the fact that it comprises of only one seller and whole industry comprises of only one player in the market. In monopoly, the single seller provides the whole supply in the market. Saudi Aramco is the only seller in Saudi Arabia which has the exclusive rights over the supply of oil and related products in local market as well as international market. Unique Product In economics, a unique product is one which does not have any close substitute for the products and services produced by the monopoly. The uniqueness of the product therefore not only provides no competition to the monopoly thus giving it an absolute control over the supply of particular good or service produced by the firm. Though there are substitutes of oil i.e. ethanol, biodiesel but they are still in the initial stages and the commercial production of such products are...This essay critically analyzes the activity of Saudi Aramco, one of the largest oil producing companies in the world, which is controlled by Saudi Government, besides discussing how government can block the emergence of private monopolies. Monopoly, in economics, is a market arrangement in which an individual or enterprise wield sufficient control over deciding the supply side of producing any good or service. Monopolist is the lone seller of a product or service as in monopoly; the entry into the market is restricted due to artificial as well as natural trade barriers. Governments, often, are behind the creation of monopolies in order to control the production as well as prices of certain products or services such as utilities and other products of strategic nature. Saudi Aramco is the largest oil companies in the world which produces, manufactures, markets oil and natural gas products all over the world. Being the largest, it is also considered as one of the strategic assets of Saudi Arabia as it works under the protection of Saudi Arabian government and is considered as a monopoly over the oil in Saudi Arabia. Besides operating as a single operator within country, it also operates the largest oil field in the world. Governments often do not allow private monopolies because of the fears that the social costs of allowing such monopolies may increase. Saudi Aramco is a private monopoly and it could increase the prices of oil to a level where it may no longer remain within the budget constraints of a consumer.

Influential People Essay Example for Free

Influential People Essay In my life, I have had many various influential people, but I would have to say that my Mother has made the biggest impact of all. Most everything that I am today is a outcome of inspirations and instances I have established from my Mother. She has made so many different opportunities presented to me, without which I do not know where I would be. I find my Mother to be a very inspiring person; the reasons for this are infinite. My Mom has been through multiple hardships over the course of her life and throughout it all she has become an exceptionally strong, loving, and wise person. This fact alone amazes me and when compounded with the fact that my Mother, among it all, still manages to have a quick, clever, and upbeat sense of humor I am left fascinated. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my Mother are endless; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am eternally thankful. Though my Mother and I have many discussions on various subjects, within whom I learn many different things, I believe that many of the things I learn from her are discovered and observed from example. This summer would be an instance. Together, we faced many hardships that really pulled and tugged on our relationship. We worked through possibly one of the hardest things a mother could ever go through. It not only brought us closer together, but it made me realize how much she loves me, and how she is always going to be there for me. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know that I although I wish to be like my Mother in most ways I do not in all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my Mother has taught me to base my decisions in life not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. My relationship with my Mother is something that I treasure above everything else in my life. We are able to play and joke like young children and have serious in depth conversations on some of life hardest subject like mature adults. The various levels that my Mother can reach me on astound me and I think that it is what makes our relationship truly special and what makes her such a wonderful influence.

The Influence and Role of Current U.S. Foreign Policy in Modern Italy E

The Influence and Role of Current U.S. Foreign Policy in Modern Italy Since the beginning of the European Union, Europe has attempted to move forward as one unit in order to compete with the United States and to be a strong force around the globe. In a statement made by the Washington ambassadors of the present and acceding members to the European Union in May 2004, they stated, Europe now, for the first time in modern history, is a partnership sharing common values and a commitment to harmony and cooperation. The dream of European integration, shared by the United States, is now being realized, leaving behind us the wasteful era of wars, hostility, and inequalities. We are on the road to a Europe enjoying a unity and influence without precedent in its long history. (http://www.italyemb.org/JointEditorial.htm). Italy was one of the founding members of the European Union, which began in 1950, and any policies that are made by the United States that affects the European Union affects Italy as well. Many of the policies that are made by the United States have far reaching effects in many countries involving many different areas. Since there are too many policies and effects to discuss here, certain important ones made in the past few years that affect the European Union and Italy will be highlighted. Hydrogen Power One main agenda put forth by President Bush in his recent State of the Union Address was the idea to accelerate the development of hydrogen energy technologies in order to improve energy, economic, and environmental security. On August 5, 2003, U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham announced that Italy would join forces with the United States and other countries in the International... ...ng U.S. foreign policy and decisions made by the U.S. regarding their foreign policy in Italy will continue to affect the relationship between these two countries.? Bibliography 1) ?A ?Greater Union? for Europe.? 16 Apr. 2003. 13 Dec. 2003. . 2) ?Italy Joins International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy, August 5, 2003.? 5 Aug. 2003. 14 Dec. 2003 . 3) ?Italy: U.S. IPR Bilateral Declaration.? 17 Jun. 2003. 14 Dec. 2003 . 4)? ?Port of Genoa Implements Container Security Initiative.? 16 June 2003. 15 Dec. 2003 . 5) Sembler, Mel. ?Food Safety and Trade Issues.? 18 Feb. 2003. 14 Dec. 2003 .

Logotherapy: Meaning of Life and Frankl Essay

Viktor Frankl was an Austrian man born in 1905. He was the father of Logotherapy which is referred to as the Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy. Frankl followed in the footsteps of other famous psychologists including Sigmund Freud. He pioneered the thought that a person can move forward in one’s life after a traumatic or rough experience by finding new meaning in life. Though many of his ideas were derived from Freud’s and Adlers previous thoughts, he also took an new approach to helping people. Thus the beginning of Logotherapy. He was first published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis when he was in high school. He then went to secondary school and began working on his degree in psychiatry and Neurology in medical school. Frankl went to the same school in Viennese as Sigmund Freud. At first Frankl was extremely interested in Freudian psychoanalysis but soon started to disagree with his therapy methods. Frankl thought that Freuds views were to narrow and did not agree with Freud’s idea’s that sexual impulses could explain the majority of human behavior (Hoffman, 1995). After studying Freudian psychoanalysis, he became interested and focused on environmental and societal factor to explain human behavior, which was Alfred Adler’s psychology view (Frankl, Viktor Frankl recollections: An autobiography , 1997). While studying the teachings of Freud and Adler he began forming his own very different therapy known was logotherapy, which is defined as healing through meaning. After graduation he was promoted in the hospital in Vienna to the head of suicide and depression prevention, where he treated over 3,000 women. During this time, he formed his own private practice where he began to utilize logotherapy (Frankl, Viktor Frankl recollections: An autobiography, 1997). He then could ask his clients questions about how they were feeling and what was keeping them alive and moving forward in such a low time in their lives. He then noticed because of the question that he was asking people seem to be suffering from lack of meaning in their lives than the loss of employment (Hoffman, 1995). In 1937 Frankl started to write articles about what he called logotherapy. Then in 1938, Frankl had to give up his private practice and was forced to relocate. He was transferred to the Rothschild hospital where he could only treat Jewish patients; due to the Nazi control (Hoffman, 1995). The Nazi euthanasia program forced extermination on many clients who were suffering from brain injuries and psychological illnesses, and Frankl was forced to watch these executions. To try and save the mentally ill personnel he began to falsify documents to help avoid euthanasia. He would change their diagnosis so that they would not be transferred for the euthanasia program and could stay with their families. While at the hospital he would get about a dozen of men and women who attempted to commit suicide. Where he tried to help them find meaning and life and to continue the fight. He was then married in 1941 to Tilly Grosser, and a year later Frankl’s and his family were arrested and brought to concentration camps. While in the concentration camps Frankl knew that he could not change his situation but could help those around him and himself by counseling in his barracks. During his imprisonment Frankl dug ditches, volunteered at the typhus ward, and also set up a suicide prevention program (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). After the long hard days of the prisoners being beaten, starved, Frankl would help the prisoners understand that their experiences were helping them develop strengths for the future (Ivey, Ivey, & Zalaquett, 2010). When Frankl was in Auschwitz he first wrote â€Å"The Doctor and the Soul† and it was then discovered and then the book was destroyed. In April of 1945 Frankl’s camp was liberated. Frankl and his sister were the only two who survive during their stay throughout the various concentration camps. His father died from starvation and his mother and wife were murdered by the gas chambers. He then reconstructed his book â€Å"The Doctor and the Soul† and it was then published, and nine days following he published a second book which sold over 11 million copies before he died and became known as â€Å"Man’s Search for Meaning†. The original title of that book was â€Å"Saying yes to life in spite of everything†. This book describes his experiences throughout his stay in concentration camps and also his theory of logotherapy (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). During this time Frankl met his second wife named Elenore Schwindt and had a baby girl soon after they were wed. Frankl went on to author over 38 books and to speak around the world on his experiences and logotherapy. Frankl lived a long life and died on September 2, 1997 when he was 92 years old. Logos is a Greek word that which stands for meaning. Therefore logotherapy focuses on a person’s search for meaning, the search relates to finding purpose in one’s life or tasks (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). Frankl found that humans are more oriented towards meaning and seek meaning in all their circumstances (Kimble & Ellor, 2009). The idea of logotherapy began back in 1921 when Frankl was still in high school (Guttmann, 1996). Then while in the concentration camps, the people who had a better chance of survival were those that had hope of being reunited with loved ones, ones with faith, or ones that felt as if they had a purpose in life that they had to complete. This is how logotherapy started off by 1960 logotherapy gained worldwide recognition. Logotherapist do not tell their patients what to see but simply corrects their ability to see (Kimble & Ellor, 2009). Logotherapist also help search for positive meaning that underlines behavior, thought and action. Throughout therapy certain techniques are used. Paradoxical intention is a technique used to help patients with anxiety, phobias and obsessive compulsions (Guttmann, 1996). It is part of therapy when you confront your fears, in essence you tell yourself to do the opposite of what you truly want, like try not to fall asleep when you are truly trying to sleep. A specific strategy that logotherapist use is dereflection; it is used when clients focus on negatives (Ivey, Ivey, & Zalaquett, 2010). Dereflection is a technique that you shift attention from oneself and onto others, problems often disappear. Frankl noted that the meaning of life is different from person to person and from situation to situation. Therefore he states that there is not a general meaning in life for all humanity (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). There were three different basic principles that are composed to make up logotherapy, and help discover meaning. The first basic principle of logotherapy is life has meaning under all circumstances. The second principle is that all people have a will to achieve meaning in their life. Finally the third principle is people have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to meaning and to find meaning (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). Throughout a clients therapy the goals concerning the outcome of their treatment consist of the client being able to be aware of his/her choices. The goals guide the clients to understand current experience, and past experiences and the meaning for the purpose of life. They also recognize factors that block freedom and can accept freedom and responsibility. The tragic triad is composed of three different elements guilt, death, and unavoidable suffering. Any part of the tragic triad can happen to anyone and it will always be a part of mankind. Each person reacts differently to each situation. When we are faced with one of these elements it is then when we realize we need to improve our lives and begin to act. Situations cannot be changed but your attitude on the situation can be (Guttmann, 1996). But when life has no meaning it becomes empty, is what Frankl calls existential vacuum. The existential vacuum creates a hole, which needs to be filled. People try to fill their hole with superficial things or anything that provides some satisfaction; such as drugs, eating to an excess or not at all, anger, obsession, or fear. Behaviors such as depression, aggression and addiction were caused by the loss of meaning. There are also two levels of meaning. Ultimate meaning is a meaning that we can never reach. It can be a god or science as the search for truth, nature, and evolution for those who do not believe in god or an ultimate being (Guttmann, 1996). The other level of meaning is meaning in the moment, which is the understanding meaning of each moment by fulfilling the demands that life places on us. Frankl points out that there are three ways to find meaning in life and is often referred to as the meaning triangle. The first way to find meaning is through creative works. It is what and how we give to the world through self-expression. The second is by experiencing; by what we take or receive from the world through nature, culture, relationships, and interactions with others and with our environment. The third way to find meaning is with a change of attitude. Even if we can’t change the situation or the circumstances, we can still choose our attitude towards the condition. These are the ways that a client can help find meaning in their life. These attitudinal values as Frankl calls them, is when being confronted with a hopeless situation a person has a way to find meaning (Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1959). Throughout Frankl’s life he was inspired to help people. While throughout his experiences he was able to develop logotherapy which has become a widely used therapy process and techniques. His life experiences and trials helped him to form a therapy that not only people with issues should follow but all of us as well. He still helps find people a meaning and purpose in life. References Frankl, V. (1955). The Doctor and the Soul. New York: Random House. Frankl, V. (1959). Man’s Search for Meaning. New York: Random House. Frankl, V. (1997). Viktor Frankl recollections: An autobiography . New York: Plenum. Guttmann, D. (1996). Logotherapy for the Helping Professional. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Hoffman, E. (1995, March 18). Viktor Frankl at 90: A Voice for Life. America, pp. 17-22. Ivey, A. E. , Ivey, M. B. , & Zalaquett, C. P. (2010). Intentional Intervieing & Counseling. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Kimble, M. A. , & Ellor, W. J. (2009). Logotherapy: An Overview. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 11:3-4, 9-24.

Tata Travel Trailer

The purchase budget and cash budget are lot simpler, since the amount related to production Is the same every month. The budgets assuming stable production benefit the production department, the purchase department, and the human resource department. It helps all these departments easily manage all kinds of resources and activities on a stable level. Disadvantage of preparing master budgets assuming stable productions: 1. If sales are seasonal, stable productions may cause inventory under stock during the best sales season and may cause inventory overstock during the poor sales season.It would Increase the Inventory and additional finance needed. Data should plan the production budgets based on sales forecast. In order to encourage the manager's to work as a team, Tat's bonus system could set an overall goal, for example, the net Income. The bonus will be earned 10% If overall goal Is reached. Second, Data should prepare flexible budgets to estimate total cost for the different level s of satellites. For example, to access purchase budget performance, compare the actual purchase with the budget recess on ten same production level.It could Aviva punishing ten purchase manger in order to keeping the amount of raw material on hand policy set by production manager. Using flexible purchase budget holds responsibility for variances only under purchase manager's control and truly reflect the efficiency and actual performance. Third, other measurement should be in a place in order to attain the organization's overall performance. For sales manager, the percentage of retiree customers in total sales is used to measure the continuing sales growth for Data.For production manager, the warranty expense and customer's complaints for poor quality can be used to measure how well Tat's products meet the market expectation. For the purchase manager, handling material in time can be used to measure to ensure Tat's production is under schedule. Also the Just-in-time vendor contract can be used to measure the performance of purchase manager, since it would lower the material cost. For finance manager, loan management can be used to measure the performance, since Tat's uneven sale, managing cash inflow and outflow are important for Data to meet payments due.

Computer And Kids Essays - C, Data Types, Metaprogramming, Ur, Const

Computer And Kids Essays - C, Data Types, Metaprogramming, Ur, Const Computer And Kids #include*stdlib.h* #include*assert.h* #include*iostream.h* #include*apvector.h* template *class itemType* apvector*itemType*::apvector() :mySize(0), myList(0) } template *class itemType* apvector*itemType*::apvector(int size) : mySize(size), myList(new itemType[size]) } template *class itemType* apvector*itemType*::apvector(int size, const itemType & fillValue) : mySize(size), myList(new itemType[size]) int k; for(k = 0; k * size; k++) myList[k] = fillValue; } } template *class itemType* apvector*itemType*::apvector(const apvector*itemType* & vec) : mySize(vec.length()), myList(new itemType[mySize]) int k; for(k = 0; k * mySize; k++) myList[k] = vec.myList[k]; } } template *class itemType* apvector*itemType*::apvector() delete [] myList; } template *class itemType* const apvector*itemType* & apvector*itemType*::operator = (const apvector*itemType* & rhs) if(this != &rhs) delete [] myList; mySize = rhs.length(); myList = new itemType[mySize]; int k; for(k = 0; k * mySize; k++) myList[k] = rhs.myList[k]; } } return *this; } template *class itemType* int apvector*itemType*::length() const return mySize; } template *class itemType* itemType & apvector*itemType*::operator [] (int k) if(k * 0 || mySize *= k) cerr ** Illegal Vector index: ** k ** max index = ; cerr ** (mySize - 1) ** endl; abort(); } return myList[k]; } template *class itemType* const itemType & apvector*itemType*::operator [] (int k) const if (k * 0 || mySize *= k) cerr ** Illegal vector index ** k ** max index = ; cerr ** (mySize - 1) ** endl; abort(); } return myList[k]; } template *class itemType* void apvector*itemType*::resize(int newSize) int k; int numToCopy = newSize * mySize ? newSize : mySize; itemType * newList = new itemType[newSize]; for(k = 0; k * numToCopy; k++) newList[k] = myList[k]; } delete [] myList; mySize = newSize; myList = newList;

Habits and Traits of Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria agrestis)

Habits and Traits of Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria agrestis) The hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, is native to Europe, where it is considered harmless. But in North America, where it was introduced, people seem to believe the hobo spider is among the most dangerous creatures we can encounter in our homes. Its time to set the record straight about the hobo spider. Hobo Spider Description The features that distinguish Tegenaria agrestis from other similar-looking spiders are only visible under magnification. Arachnologists identify hobo spiders by examining their genitalia (reproductive organs), chelicerae (mouthparts), setae (body hairs), and eyes with a microscope. Directly stated, you cannot accurately identify a hobo spider by its color, markings, shape, or size, nor can you identify Tegenaria agrestis with the naked eye alone. The hobo spider is generally brown or rust in color, with a chevron or herringbone pattern on the dorsal side of the abdomen. This is not considered a diagnostic trait, however, and cannot be used to identify the species. Hobo spiders are medium in size (up to 15 mm in body length, not including the legs), with females slightly larger than males. Hobo spiders are venomous, but not considered dangerous in their native European range. In North America, hobo spiders have been considered a species of medical concern for the past several decades, although there doesnt seem to be any scientific evidence to support such an assertion about Tegenaria agrestis. No studies have proven that hobo spider venom causes necrosis of the skin in humans, as is often claimed. In fact, there has only been one documented case of a person developing skin necrosis after a hobo spider bite, and that patient had other medical issues also known to cause necrosis. Additionally, spider bites are extremely rare, and hobo spiders are no more inclined to bite a human than any other spider you might encounter. Think You Found a Hobo Spider? If you are concerned that you may have found a hobo spider in your home, there are a few things you can observe  to be sure your mystery spider is not a hobo spider. First, hobo spiders never have dark bands on their legs. Second, hobo spiders dont have two dark stripes on the cephalothorax. And third, if your spider has a shiny orange cephalothorax and smooth, shiny legs, it is not a hobo spider. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily – AgelenidaeGenus – TegenariaSpecies - agrestis Diet Hobo spiders hunt other arthropods, primarily insects but sometimes other spiders. Life Cycle The hobo spider life cycle is believed to live  as long as three years in inland areas of North America, but just one year in coastal areas. Adult hobo spiders usually die in the fall after reproducing, but some adult females will overwinter. Hobo spiders reach adulthood and sexual maturity in the summer. Males wander in search of mates. When he finds a female in her web, the male hobo spider will approach her with caution so hes not mistaken as prey. He knocks at the funnel entrance by tapping a pattern on her web, and retreats and advances several times until she seems receptive. To finish his courtship of her, the male will add silk to her web. In early fall, mated females produce up to four egg sacs of up to 100 eggs each. The mother hobo spider attaches each egg sac to the underside of an object or surface. The spiderlings emerge the following spring. Special Behaviors and Defenses Hobo spiders belong to the family Agelenidae, known as the funnel-web spiders or funnel weavers. They construct horizontal webs with a funnel-shaped retreat, usually to one side, but sometimes in the center of the web. Hobo spiders tend to stay on or near the ground and wait for prey from within the safety of their silk retreats. Habitat Hobo spiders typically inhabit wood piles, landscape beds, and similar areas where they can construct their webs. When found near structures, theyre often seen in basement window wells or other darker, protected areas near the foundation. Hobo spiders dont usually live indoors, but occasionally make their way into peoples home. Look for them in the darkest corners of the basement, or along the perimeter of the basement floor. Range The hobo spider is native to Europe. In North America, Tenegaria agrestis is well-established in the Pacific Northwest, as well as parts of Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and British Columbia. Other Common Names Some people call this species the aggressive house spider, but there is no truth to this characterization. Hobo spiders are quite docile, and only bite if provoked or cornered. Its believed that someone christened the spider with this misnomer, thinking the scientific name agrestis meant aggressive, and the name stuck. In fact, the name agrestis comes from the Latin for rural. Its also worth noting that an August 2013 analysis of European funnel-web spiders reclassified the hobo spider as Eratigena agrestis. But because this is not yet widely used, weve chosen to use the previous scientific name Tenegaria agrestis for the time being. Sources Vetter, Rick L, and Art Antonelli. How to Identify (and Misidentify) the Hobo Spider. UC Riverside and Washington State University.Hobo Spider.  UC IPM Online,  May 2006.Hobo Spiders (Tenegaria agrestis). Utah State University Extension.Myth: How to Recognize Hobo Spiders.  Burke Museum.Mullen, Gary R, and Lance A. Durden.  Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009.Russell, Richard C, Domenico Otranto, and Richard L. Wall.  The Encyclopedia of Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Wallingford: CABI, 2013.Family Agelenidae - Funnel Weavers. BugGuide.Net.

Investigation of the cardiovascular changes and cognitive effects of Research Paper

Investigation of the cardiovascular changes and cognitive effects of commercially available energy drink on student in lectures - Research Paper Example 127; Finnegan, 2003, p. 147). â€Å"Energy Drinks† which are so called because they are thought to be stimulant in nature, providing the consumers with an instant boost of energy and alertness and decreasing lethargy and sleepiness, were first introduced in the global market in the late nineties and have been gaining widespread fame ever since (Kim, 2003, p. 2). Energy Drinks are categorized as â€Å"stimulant drinks,† which have been defined by the Stimulant Drinks Committee as ‘a beverage which typically contains caffeine, taurine and vitamin(s) and may contain an energy source (e.g. carbohydrate) and/or other substance(s), marketed for the specific purpose of providing real or perceived enhanced physiological and/or performance effects (Finnegan, 2003, p. 248).’ The manufacturers of Energy Drinks claim that such drinks enhance both mental and physical functions, resulting in improved physical endurance, increased alertness and concentration, augmented re action speed and an elevated affect (Kim, 2003, p. 2; Kaminer, 2010, p. 643). Statistics reveal that the United States ranks as the largest consumer of energy drinks worldwide with an annual consumption amounting to approximately 290 million gallons (Weise, 2008 cited in Higgins et al., 2010, p. 1033). It is interesting to note that the age group in which the consumption of such drinks is the highest is between 11-35 years (Ballard et al., 2010 cited in Higgins et al., 2010, p. 1033). Such drinks are common amongst the adolescent age group, in particular, amongst students due to a variety of reasons including the perception that these drinks help to boost one’s performance especially during athletic performances and during exams, help in overcoming fatigue and sleepiness and also because such drinks have now become a fad nowdays and are widely available during parties and other social gatherings (Paddock, 2008). There are several varieties of Energy Drinks available commercia lly and amongst them, Red Bull is one of the most famous and commonly consumed Energy Drink. The key active ingredients of this drink include caffeine (approximately 32 mg/dL), taurine (approximately 400 mg/dL or 1000 mg per drink), glucuronolactone (approximately 240 mg/dL or 600mg per drink), and sugar (as an energy source) (Kim, 2003, p. 2; Ragsdale, et al., 2010, p. 1193). In addition, these drinks also contain water and small quantities of some vitamins and minerals (Ragsdale, et al., 2010, p. 1199). Amongst the active ingredients, caffeine and taurine are found to contribute most significantly towards the aforementioned positive effects. An important component of energy drinks is carbohydrates which are present in significant amounts in the form of in concentrated forms of sugars such high-fructose corn syrup or sucrose. It is a well known fact that carbohydrates are the major energy metabolites of the human body. Studies have revealed that administration of moderately concent rated solutions of carbohydrates, or amounts between 25-50 g of glucose, help in improving exercise capacity and delay the occurrence of post-exercise fatigue (Scholey & Kennedy, 2004; Higgins et al., 2010). In addition, consumption of glucose in levels similar to those present in Energy Drinks has been found to improve cognitive functions including attention and reaction times (Smit et al., 2004). On the other hand, caffiene which is the other key active component of Energy Drinks, is known to be a central nervous system stimulant.

Introduction to Negotiation case assignment module 1 (Is Negotiating a Essay

Introduction to Negotiation case assignment module 1 (Is Negotiating a Panacea) - Essay Example The paper provides a basic brief on the meaning of negotiations followed by the meaning of bilateral negotiations. A focus has been made on the effectiveness of the bilateral methods of negotiation and how these can be helpful in the situations where negotiation is required. Considering the business transactions and situations where conflict resolutions are required, it is clear that using an approach where two parties exists, it is essential to take the advice of both parties and to come to a conclusion only where the parties are completely in sync with each other and have are able to reach common grounds for the issue. In a negotiation the main aim is to ensure that the parties in focus get the best deal for each. In a bilateral negotiation, the focus is more on achieving common grounds for both parties and to be able to reach at a conclusion for the benefit of all. It is important to also note, as explained by Jaakko, Jaakko & Karlos, â€Å"... negotiation analyses should not be limited to only the tactics used in actual contract negotiations at the table, but to have more focus on the design of the negotiations and actions to change the negotiation situation away from the table. In different phases of the project, there are local negotiations that focus on getting tentative agreements...† (Jaakko, Jarkko and Karlos). The authors talk about the bilateral negotiation in a very different manner and do not refer to the same directly. However there is a clear urge for negotiation technique where both parties involved are both taken into account and the needs and points of both parties are respected and considered (Ertel and Gordon). In the Bilateral negotiation, it is clear that the main intension is not about winning or losing but is focused on the needs of each member to ensure that the negotiation works fine. It has been noted that where the use of bilateral negotiation has been kept in place, there is a